OVERVIEW

IVF, or In Vitro Fertilization, is a medical procedure in which fertilization occurs in a laboratory setting. It offers a solution for infertile couples to achieve pregnancy and become parents. The process involves fertilizing an egg with sperm in a petri dish, and then transferring the resulting embryo to the uterus. This is done when natural fertilization is not possible due to infertility issues in either partner.

IVF PROCESS

IVF is a multi-step process that consists of several stages. The procedure involves the following five main steps:

Stimulation of Ovaries or Ovulation Induction

The first step of the IVF process involves administering medication to stimulate the production of eggs in the ovaries. Typically, the ovaries only produce one or two eggs during a menstrual cycle. However, to increase the chances of pregnancy through IVF, a larger number of eggs is needed. The doctor will monitor the progress of egg production through regular ultrasound and blood tests, measuring hormone levels and monitoring the ovaries.

Retrieval of eggs

Once a sufficient number of eggs have been produced, the next step is to retrieve them. This is done through a minor surgical procedure performed at the clinic. The eggs are removed using a suction tube, and multiple eggs can be retrieved in a matter of 25 minutes. Some mild cramping may occur after the procedure, which is normal. However, if severe discomfort is experienced, it is important to consult with the doctor immediately.

Retrieval of sperm

The next step of the IVF process is to retrieve the sperm. The male partner is asked to provide a semen sample through masturbation. If the sample does not contain enough sperm, an alternative method of sperm retrieval, such as testicular aspiration, may be used. This involves obtaining sperm directly from the testicles through a surgical needle.

Fertilization in the lab

The next step in the IVF process is fertilization. In the laboratory, the retrieved eggs and sperm are combined. If the sperm is healthy, conventional fertilization is performed by incubating the eggs and sperm together overnight, allowing fertilization to occur naturally. If the sperm is not motile, a variation of the process called Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) may be used. In ICSI, a single, healthy sperm is selected and directly injected into a mature egg.

Transferring an Embryo

The final step of the IVF process is the transfer of the embryo. Once fertilization has occurred, the resulting fertilized egg is known as an embryo. The growth and development of the embryo is monitored for 2-3 days. When it has developed properly, it is then transferred to the uterus of the woman. The embryo then implants itself onto the lining of the uterus. If the implantation is successful, it will result in pregnancy.